Local governments are not only central actors, but critical stakeholders for strengthening the relationship between citizens and national government, and for ensuring the effective localisation of the SDGs. Engagement of local governments in development co-operation ensures that development planning and implementation is participatory, accountable, transparent and inclusive, reflecting the needs and concerns of the beneficiaries on the ground. As service providers at the local level, the engagement of local government in development co-operation also ensures that national development plans are better aligned with local development plans and initiatives, maximising administrative efficiency, and ensuring social inclusion and environmental sustainability. Cross-border development co-operation between local governments is also key to the success of effective and sustainable development.